Tratamiento conservador de la artrosis de cadera / Conservative treatment of hip osteoarthritis

Ante un escenario clínico de coxalgia por artrosis de cadera se planteó la necesidad de conocer los tratamientos con-servadores más seguros y efectivos para el manejo del dolor. El tratamiento de la artrosis requiere un enfoque integral e individualizado en función de las preferencias del paciente para lograr el máximo beneficio clínico. Existen numerosas estrategias útiles para el manejo del dolor en pacientes con artrosis de cadera siendo fuertemente recomendados de inicio la actividad física, los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) orales y en ciertos casos los corticoides intraarticulares, tramadol o duloxetina, siempre asociado con la actividad física. Los ejercicios más recomendados son los aeróbicos y el Tai Chi o yoga. (AU)

Faced with a clinical scenario of coxalgia due to hip osteoarthritis, the need to know the safest and most effective conservative treatments for pain management arose. The treatment of osteoarthritis requires a comprehensive and individualised approach based on the patient's preferences to achieve maximum clinical benefit. There are numerous useful strategies for pain management in patients with hip osteoarthritis being strongly recommended from the beginning such as physical activity, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and in certain cases intra-articular corticosteroids, tramadol or duloxetine, always associated with physical activity. The most recommended exercises are aerobics and Tai Chi or yoga. (AU)

Tratamiento conservador de la osteoartrosis de cadera con toxina botulínica tipo A / Conservative treatment of hip osteoarthritis with botulinum toxin type A

Resumen Introducción: La osteoartritis de cadera es una enfermedad articular inflamatoria de bajo grado y etiología múltiple que tiene un manejo conservador limitado y poco explorado. La aplicación de toxina botulínica tipo A (BoNT-A) produce en el músculo aplicado una parálisis flácida temporal, delimitable y reversible, que aplicada de manera estratégica logra liberar estrés mecánico y dolor Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto en la percepción de dolor, funcionalidad y rigidez y los cambios en la flexión, rotación interna y externa, antes y 90 días después de la aplicación de BoNT-A. Métodos: Estudio clínico, experimental, longitudinal, abierto, con un total de 35 pacientes y 45 caderas tratadas. Se aplicó BoNT-A de 500 U en músculos ilíaco, músculo aductorbrevis y longus. Resultados: Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon comparando los puntajes de evaluación en los días 0 a 90 observando disminución significativa del dolor referido (p < 0.0001), rigidez (p < 0.002), mejoró la función percibida (p < 0.001) y los arcos de movilidad: flexión, rotación interna y externa (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: El tratamiento con BoNT-A otorga una opción conservadora y segura para el manejo de los síntomas y restricción física causada por la OA de cadera.

Abstract Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a low-grade inflammatory disease of multiple etiology that has a limited conservative management and insufficiently explored. The application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) produces in the applied muscle a temporary, delimitable and reversible flaccid paralysis, which applicated in a strategic way achives to reduce mechanical stress and pain. Objective: To evaluate the effect on pain perception, functionality and rigidity and changes in flexibility, internal and external rotation, before and 90 days after the application of BoNT-A. Methods: Clinical, experimental, longitudinal, open study, with a total of 35 patients and 45 hips treated. BoNT-A of 500 U was applied in iliac, adductor brevis and longus muscles. Results: The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the evaluation scores on days 0-90, observing the decrease in referred pain (p < 0.0001), rigidity (p < 0.002), improved perceived function (p < 0.001) and mobility arcs: flexion, internal and external rotation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The treatment with BoNT-A provides a conservative and safe option for the management of symptoms and physical restraint caused by hip OA.

A multi-center cross-sectional survey of medicine application in patients with osteoarthritis in China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, the medicine application and to evaluate the disease activity in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in China.@*METHODS@#This was a cross-sectional study. Totally 1 066 cases of OA from 40 hospitals in China from April to October 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, medicine application, and joint function were evaluated. All the data were analyzed by SPSS software 19.0. t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#In the 1 066 cases, the male-to-female ratio was 1:3.6 and the average age was (61.9±11.0) years, with an age range from 36 to 94 years. The incidence of knee OA, hip OA, and hand OA were respectively 81.9% (873/1 066), 14.1% (150/1 066), and 36.3% (387/1 066). In the study, 242 (22.7%) cases had two kinds of joint areas involved and three joint areas were involved in 51 cases (4.8%), and 56.6% (603/1 066) of the patients used more than one kind of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while 61.2% (652/1 066) used disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs), including glucosamine (37.5%, 400/1 066), chondroitin sulfate (2.0%, 21/1 066), diacetate (5.9%, 63/1 066), and the combination of these drugs (15.8%, 168/1 066). 8.6% (92/1 066) patients only took analgesics to relieve the pain, not using any kind of NSAIDs or DMOADs. And 232 patients (21.7%) had intra-articular injections, including 9.2% (98/1 066) sodium hyaluronate, 4.5%(48/1 066) glucocorticoid, and 8.1% (86/1 066) combination of the two drugs. The proportion of the patients taking topical drugs accounted for 26.5% (283/1 066) and physical therapy accounted for 15.8% (168/1 066). Compared with those who suffered from knee OA, the patients who suffered from hip OA had more severe disease assessment. Moreover, there were significant differences in pain (Z=-7.625, P<0.001), morning stiffness (Z=-6.229, P<0.001), and joint function (Z=-6.777, P<0.001) between the two groups of the patients who suffered from knee or hip OA with The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index. Furthermore, patients with hip OA took more analgesics (χ2=24.838, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Oral NSAIDs and DMOADs are wildly used in patients with OA in China. However, the treatment of some patients still need to be improved. Patients with hip OA are more seriously ill and require aggressive treatment.

Mielosupresión inducida por linezolid: un caso pediátrico / Myelosupression induced by linezolid: a pediatric case

El linezolid es un antibiótico de la familia de las oxazolidinonas, que actúa inhibiendo la síntesis proteica. Se emplea en infecciones graves por cocos Gram-positivos multirresistentes. Sus principales efectos secundarios son los gastrointestinales y, con menor frecuencia, la neuropatía periférica, la acidosis láctica y la mielosupresión. Se presenta el caso clínico de un niño de 12 años con diagnóstico de osteoartritis séptica de cadera derecha con osteomielitis femoral en tratamiento con linezolid, que presentó un cuadro de intolerancia digestiva, asociado a astenia y pérdida de peso. Presentaba, además, anemia normocítica, junto con leucopenia y trombopenia leves, con datos sugestivos de alteración de la hematopoyesis en el frotis sanguíneo, sugerente de toxicidad por fármacos. El cuadro se resolvió con la interrupción de la administración del fármaco. La mielosupresión reversible asociada a linezolid se relaciona con tratamientos prolongados (> 28 días), por lo que son necesarios los controles hematológicos periódicos durante ellos.

Linezolid is an antibiotic of oxazolidinones family that inhibits proteical synthesis. It is used in several Gram-positive multirresistent infections. Its more frequent side effects are gastrointestinal, followed by peripheral neuropathy and myelosuppression. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with septic osteoarthritis of the hip and femoral osteomyelitis, following treatment with linezolid, who complained about digestive intolerance and weight loss. He showed severe normocytic anemia and mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia with data of hematopoiesis disorder in the blood smear that suggested drug toxicity. These findings reverted when the treatment was discontinued. Reversible myelosuppression associated with linezolid is related to long treatments (more than 28 days). So it is necessary to check the blood count during long treatments.

Ampliação do uso do naproxeno para osteoartrite de joelho e quadril / Increased use of naproxen for knee and hip osteoarthritis

CONTEXTO: A SCTIE propôs a ampliação de uso do naproxeno para o controle da dor associada à osteoartrite do joelho e do quadril. TECNOLOGIA: Naproxeno 250 a 500mg. INDICAÇÃO: Controle da dor associada à osteoartrite de joelho e quadril. PERGUNTA: O uso do naproxeno no controle da dor associada à osteoartrite do joelho e do quadril é eficaz e seguro quando comparado aos outros anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINE) não seletivos? EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS: Foram selecionadas 3 revisões sistemáticas com metanálise. O naproxeno apresentou eficácia superior ao paracetamol e apresentou menores riscos de infarto do miocárdio e de eventos cardiovasculares totais, juntamente com o ibuprofeno para o último desfecho, que os outros AINES avaliados. DECISÃO: Os membros da CONITEC deliberaram por recomendar a ampliação de uso de naproxeno para osteoartrite de quadril e joelho. Foi assinado o Registro de Deliberação nº 298/2017.(AU)

Progressive Change in Joint Degeneration in Patients with Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis Treated with Fentanyl in a Randomized Trial

PURPOSE: Opioids improve pain from knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) and decrease the functional impairment of patients. However, there is a possibility that opioids induce analgesia and suppress the physiological pain of OA in patients, thereby inducing the progression of OA changes in these patients. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possibility of progressive changes in OA among patients using opioids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred knee or hip OA patients were evaluated in the current prospective, randomized, active-controlled study. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 into three parallel treatment groups: loxoprofen, tramadol/acetaminophen, and transdermal fentanyl groups. Medication was administered for 12 weeks. Pain scores and progressive OA changes on X-ray films were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, pain relief was obtained by all three groups. Most patients did not show progressive OA changes; however, 3 patients in the transdermal fentanyl group showed progressive OA changes during the 12 weeks of treatment. These 3 patients used significantly higher doses than others in the transdermal fentanyl group. Additionally, the average pain score for these 3 patients was significantly lower than the average pain score for the other patients in the transdermal fentanyl group. CONCLUSION: Fentanyl may induce progressive changes in knee or hip OA during a relatively short period, compared with oral Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs or tramadol.

Osteoartrite: fisiopatologia e tratamento medicamentoso / Osteoarthritis: physiopathology and drug treatment

A osteoartrite (OA) é a causa mais frequente de doença crônica musculoesquelética, sendo sem dúvida a maior causa de limitação das atividades diárias entre os idosos. Atualmente, cerca de 40% dos adultos com idade superior a 70 anos sofrem de OA do joelho; destes, 80% apresentam limitações de movimento e em 25% as atividades diárias estão comprometidas. Nas últimas décadas têm ocorrido avanços na terapêutica da osteoartrite

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of chronic musculoskeletal disease and the most prevalent reason for the limitation of daily activities of the elderly population. Currently, about 40% of adults aged over 70 suffer from OA of the knee. Of these, 80% suffer from limitations in motion and 25% are engaged to carry out their daily activities. In recent decades there have been advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis

The effect of doxycycline on canine hip osteoarthritis: design of a 6-months clinical trial

Twenty-five dogs were included in a randomized, double-blind trial to assess the efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) orally administered twice a day at 4 mg/kg/day (n = 12) for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. Chondroitin sulfate (CS; 525 mg/day) was used as a positive control (n = 13). Dogs were re-examined monthly for 6 months after initiation of treatment. The assessment protocol included clinical score, radiographic findings and serum osteoarthritis biomarkers. Dogs treated with DOX showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in lameness, joint mobility, pain on palpation, weight-bearing and overall score at 2, 6, 4, 4 and 4 months, respectively, after treatment. Biomarker levels of CS-WF6 epitope and hyaluronan were significantly increased and decreased (p < 0.05) at 2 and 3 months after treatment compared to pretreatment. These results showed that DOX had a positive therapeutic effect in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of nimesulide and diclofenac in patients with degenerative joint diseases.

The efficacy and tolerability profiles of nimesulide and diclofenac were evaluated in 180 patients suffering from various degenerative joint diseases. The clinical evaluations were performed at 0, 2 and 4 weeks. Nimesulide (100 mg) tablets were administered twice daily and diclofenac (50 mg) tablets were administered thrice daily. The principal efficacy parameters were the improvement in pain assessed through verbal scoring. Evaluation of tolerance was also established through similar method. Final judgment on efficacy was made by the physician. In all evaluations nimesulide showed improved efficacy parameters over diclofenac.

The effectiveness of tipi in the treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a preliminary report

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common painful inflammatory condition occurring mainly in the later half of life. Hipe and knee are the joints mostly affected. Petiveria alliacea (tipi) popularly known as an anti-rheumatic medicine, has been used by OA patients to relief pain. This one-week cross-over double-blind trial has preliminary evaluated the analgesic effect of tipi tea in 14 patients with hip and knee OA. Imperata exaltata (sape) was used as the Placebo tea. The pain assessments that were made at baseline and before the start of the second treatment period by treatment groups were comparable. While taking tipi or placebo tea patients experienced a statistically significant improvement in pain on motion and pain at night. The comparison between the improvements reported while on tipi and placebo tea, however, did not disclose any statistically significant difference. At the conclusion of the study 7 patients preferred tipi tea and 6 preferred placebo tea (NS). Two patients reported insomnia, one durign placebo treatment and the other during tipi treatment. In this preliminary report both teas succeeded in the aim of relieving pain